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Visual reinforcement audiometry - Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_reinforcement_audiometry#:~:text=Visual%20reinforcement%20audiometry%20%28%20VRA%29%20is%20a%20key,child%20is%20developing%20awareness%20to%20sound%20as%20expected.
A comparison of audiometric test methods for 2-year-old ...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2709835/
Abstract. Visual reinforcement audiometry (VRA), visual reinforcement operant conditioning audiometry (VROCA), and play audiometry were compared in terms of conditionability and number of responses obtained prior to habituation on normal 2-year-old (24-27 months) children. Results indicated that a higher percentage of children could be conditioned to VRA than to …
Visual Reinforcers Designed for Children with ...
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8061901/
Specifically, the reinforcement sets can be used in visually reinforced operant conditioning audiometry (VROCA) or conditioned play audiometry (CPA). The traditional implementation of VROCA involves training a child to push a lever when the signal is heard, then visual reinforcement is provided for a correct response (e.g., Thompson et al., 1989). This paradigm can be easily …
Using visual reinforcement audiometry in the assessment …
https://journals.lww.com/thehearingjournal/Fulltext/2002/11000/Using_visual_reinforcement_audiometry_in_the.6.aspx
Visual reinforcement audiometry (VRA) can be used to obtain behavioral thresholds for pure-tone stimuli that approximate adult values. 20,21 VRA capitalizes on a child's natural instinct to respond to auditory stimuli by turning toward the stimuli.
Visual reinforcement audiometry - Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_reinforcement_audiometry
Visual reinforcement audiometry ( VRA) is a key behavioural test for evaluating hearing in young children. First introduced by Liden and Kankkunen in 1969, VRA is a good indicator of how responsive a child is to sound and speech and whether the child is developing awareness to sound as expected.
Response and Reinforcement in Operant Audiometry | Journal ...
https://jshd.pubs.asha.org/article.aspx?articleid=1775350
Response and Reinforcement in Operant Audiometry. Variable success in audiometric assessment of young children with operant conditioning indicates the need for systematic examination of commonly employed techniques. The current study investigated response and reinforcement features of two operant discrimination paradigms with normal I7-month ...
A Comparison of Audiometric Test Methods for 2-Year-Old ...
https://pubs.asha.org/doi/10.1044/jshd.5402.174
Visual reinforcement audiometry (VRA), visual reinforcement operant conditioning audiometry (VROCA), and play audiometry were compared in terms of conditionability and number of responses obtained prior to habituation on normal 2-year-old (24–27 months) children. Results indicated that a higher percentage of children could be conditioned to VRA than to either …
The Audiologic Assessment of the Young Pediatric …
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4172161/
Visual Reinforcement Audiometry. Suzuki and Ogiba (1961) first described an operant conditioning technique called Conditioned Orientation Reflex (COR). Liden and Kankkunen (1969) introduced the term Visual Reinforcement Audiometry (VRA), and introduced variations of the COR technique. The VRA term has taken on a more generic meaning from the original …
The pediatric audiologist: from magician to clinician
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3972198/
For young children, tangible reinforcement operant conditioning audiometry (TROCA) visual reinforcement audiometry (VRA), and play audiometry are the methods of choice. Due to medical progress, many of the high-risk factors have been ameliorated.
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